Project outline: To apply the NeQuick2 ionospheric density model for the real-time estimation of total electron content (TEC) over the South African region, using data from the Trignet network of GNSS receivers. To develop algorithms for the real-time ingestion of GNSS data into the NeQuick model. To derive maps of TEC over Southern Africa. To verify the accuracy of the TEC maps produced by the NeQuick model using data from the four ionosondes in South Africa.